Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy (HIE)
Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a type of newborn brain damage caused by oxygen deprivation and limited blood flow. HIE is a type of birth injury; this is a broad term used to refer to any harm that a baby experiences at or near the time of birth. Other terms used for HIE include birth asphyxia, perinatal asphyxia, and neonatal encephalopathy.
Signs & Symptoms
Symptoms of HIE often depend on the severity and extent of the brain injury, as well as the areas of the brain that were affected. Babies born with HIE may Be floppy and unreactive to sights or sounds. Alternatively, some babies with HIE are very tense and react more to stimulation than healthy newborns, Have abnormal movements or seizures, Have feeding problems due to weak muscles in their mouth and throat, and Have a weak cry, Show signs of organ dysfunction, especially of the heart, lungs, kidneys, liver, and blood.
Diagnosis
If a significant risk factor such as fetal distress or low heart rate occurred during labor and delivery, or the baby needed help with breathing or low heart rate after delivery, HIE may be suspected. To confirm a diagnosis of HIE, a neurologist will examine your baby, who will be monitored by an electroencephalogram for seizures and signs of brain dysfunction and undergo neuroimaging tests, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), to check for signs of brain injury.
Treatment
HIE is managed using a treatment called therapeutic hypothermia, where the baby’s brain or body is cooled down below normal temperatures to slow the cascade effect that causes widespread damage. This allows the baby’s brain to recover and reduces the level of disability they may have as they grow. According to current guidelines, the treatment must be given within six hours of birth, although there is some evidence to suggest it may be beneficial when given up to 24 hours
Conditions Treated
- Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
- Attention Deficit / Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD)
- Down’s Syndrome
- Dyslexia
- Cerebral Palsy
- Sensory Process Disorders
- Learning Disability
- Intellectual Disability
- Speech / Language Delay
- Neuro / Motor Developmental Delay
- Global Developmental Delay
- Muscular Dystrophy
- Knee & Foot Deformities
- Generalized Epilepsy / Seizures
- Genetic Syndromes
- Traumatic Brain Injury
- Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy (HIE)
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